Hydrogen Integration for Low-Emission Locomotive Systems

 

Vinayak S. Thatikonda

Integrated Travel R&D

 Under the guidance of Vern Raincock

 

This study investigates hydrogen’s potential as a clean energy source for locomotive propulsion through comparative combustion analysis and a review of international technological advancements. Using NASA CEA simulations, hydrogen (H₂) was analysed alongside naphthalene (C₁₀H₈) and ammonia (NH₃) across pressures ranging from 5 to 15 bar and temperatures between 298.15 K and 323.15 K. Also, Acetylene (C2H2) under same operating temperature but at a constant pressure of 5 bars. Results show that increasing hydrogen concentration reduces NOₓ formation by up to 50%, with hydrogen - ammonia blends achieving around 30% emission reduction. These results align with recent global hydrogen locomotive initiatives such as Stadler FLIRT H₂ (U.S.), CPKC Unit 1200 (Canada), and Hyundai Rotem’s LH₂ locomotive (South Korea). The findings confirm hydrogen’s viability as a sustainable locomotive fuel and highlight future needs for higher - pressure combustion validation, improved fuel cell efficiency, and scalable liquid hydrogen infrastructure.

 

Link to Study